PMC

Behavior of the main physiological parameters for the WT (closed symbols), ndt1Δ ndt2Δ (open symbols), and ndt1-over (gray symbols) yeast strains during continuous glucose-limited growth. (A) Variation of biomass yields and specific ethanol production rates. Critical dilution rates are reported for the WT (solid line) and mutants (dotted line). (B) Specific ethanol production rate versus specific glucose consumption rate. The dotted line marks the critical glucose consumption rate (see text). (C) Specific oxygen consumption rate versus specific glucose consumption rate. The dotted line marks the critical glucose consumption rate. (D) Specific carbon dioxide production rate versus specific glucose consumption rate. The dotted line marks the critical glucose consumption rate.

(a) Normalized specific consumption rate q(C)/q_max from the proposed model for an activation concentration c_ac and different values of parameter β, and also from Michaelis-Menten based model (M-M) assuming K = c_ac. (b) Magnification of the region in panel (a) corresponding to concentration values near to zero.

Specific energy consumption and material-removal rate.

A: Specific rate of glucose consumption. B: Specific rate of lactate consumption. C: Specific rate of glutamate consumption. D: Lactate yield from glucose. ▪ Condition 37°C; □ Condition 33°C.